c. 1750 to 1900: Enlightenment, Atlantic revolutions, Haitian and Latin American independence, nationalism, and reform movements.
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- What principle of government did Montesquieu advocate in his theory of the separation of powers?
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The division of governmental authority into legislative, executive, and judicial branches- What was the primary grievance of American colonists against British taxation?
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They were taxed without representation in Parliament- What governmental assembly did King Louis XVI call in 1789 to address France's financial crisis?
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Estates-General- Who led the Haitian revolutionary forces and was formerly enslaved?
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Toussaint L'Ouverture- What unified nation did Simon Bolivar attempt to create in South America?
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Gran Colombia (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama)- According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, what is the collective will of the people in a legitimate government?
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The general will (volonte generale)- In what year did the thirteen American colonies declare independence from Britain?
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1776- What Parisian fortress and symbol of royal power was stormed on July 14, 1789?
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Bastille- What was the Haitian Revolution the first successful uprising of?
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Enslaved people- Which Argentine general led independence campaigns across southern South America?
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Jose de San Martin- What did Voltaire most vigorously advocate for in his Enlightenment writings?
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Religious tolerance and freedom of thought- In what year was the United States Constitution drafted and ratified?
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1787- What document did the French National Assembly adopt in 1789 to establish individual rights?
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen- What year did Haiti achieve full independence and become a sovereign nation?
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1804- What social class provided most of the leadership for Latin American independence movements?
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Creoles (Spanish-descended people born in the Americas)
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