Unit 2: the Middle Passage, slavery in the Americas, enslaved resistance and rebellions, abolitionism, Black Founders and free Black communities, and the road to Emancipation and Reconstruction.
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- What was the Middle Passage?
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The transatlantic voyage forcing enslaved Africans to the Americas, the second leg of the triangular trade.- Approximately how many Africans died during the Middle Passage?
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An estimated 1-2 million out of the 10-15 million who were forcibly transported.- What was the triangular trade?
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A trade system connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging manufactured goods, enslaved people, and raw materials.- What did the term 'chattel slavery' mean?
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Enslaved people were classified as moveable property, not human beings with legal rights.- Name one African region from which the majority of enslaved people were taken.
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West Africa, including regions such as the Gold Coast, Senegambia, and Kongo.- What 1662 Virginia law established slavery as hereditary?
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A law decreeing that children born to enslaved mothers were enslaved for life.- What were slave codes?
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Legal systems in colonies and states defining enslaved people as property while restricting movement, assembly, and literacy.- What was the primary labor system in the colonial South?
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Plantation slavery, particularly rice and indigo production in South Carolina and Georgia.- How did slavery differ between the North and South?
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The South relied on plantation slavery for staple crops; the North had fewer enslaved people and more urban or artisanal slavery.- What was a slave auction?
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A public marketplace where enslaved people were sold to the highest bidder, often separating families permanently.- What was day-to-day resistance under slavery?
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Passive resistance including work slowdowns, pretended illness, breaking tools, and temporary escape.- What was the Stono Rebellion (1739)?
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A South Carolina uprising in which enslaved people killed colonists and attempted to march toward Spanish Florida.- Who led Gabriel's Rebellion?
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Gabriel Prosser, an enslaved blacksmith who organized an armed rebellion in Virginia in 1800.- What was the purpose of the Underground Railroad?
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A secret network of safe houses and routes helping enslaved people escape to free states and Canada.- Who was Harriet Tubman?
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A formerly enslaved woman who escaped and led approximately 70 enslaved people to freedom via the Underground Railroad.
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