AP Chemistry reaction rates, rate laws, and equilibrium concepts including Le Chatelier's principle.
40 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is reaction rate?
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The change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time.- Name four factors that affect reaction rate.
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Concentration, temperature, surface area, and presence of a catalyst.- How does increasing concentration affect reaction rate?
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It increases the collision frequency between molecules, raising the reaction rate.- How does temperature increase reaction rate?
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It increases the average kinetic energy of molecules and their collision frequency.- What is a catalyst?
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A substance that increases the reaction rate without being consumed in the reaction.- What is activation energy (Ea)?
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The minimum energy required for reactant molecules to overcome and form products.- How does increasing surface area affect reaction rate?
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It increases the number of particles available for collision with other reactants.- What does collision theory require for a reaction to occur?
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Molecules must collide with the correct orientation and sufficient energy.- What does 'collision orientation' mean in kinetics?
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The proper spatial arrangement of atoms in colliding molecules needed for a successful reaction.- How does temperature relate to collision frequency?
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Higher temperature causes molecules to move faster and collide more frequently.- What does 'order' mean in a rate law?
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The exponent of a concentration term in the rate law expression.- How is overall reaction order determined?
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By adding all the exponents (orders) of the concentration terms in the rate law.- What is unique about the half-life of a first-order reaction?
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The half-life is constant and independent of the initial concentration.- What is true about zero-order reaction rates?
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The rate remains constant as the concentration changes; rate is independent of concentration.- How does the half-life of a second-order reaction change?
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The half-life increases as the initial concentration decreases (inversely proportional).
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