AP Chemistry atomic structure, periodicity, and bonding models including ionic, covalent, and molecular geometry.
44 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the charge and location of a proton?
- Positive charge (+1); located in the nucleus
- What is the charge and location of a neutron?
- No charge (neutral); located in the nucleus
- What is the charge and relative location of an electron?
- Negative charge (-1); orbits the nucleus in electron shells
- What does the atomic number of an element represent?
- The number of protons in the nucleus
- Define the mass number of an atom
- The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
- What does the principal quantum number (n) indicate?
- The energy level and relative distance of an electron from the nucleus
- What does the angular momentum quantum number (l) indicate?
- The shape of the orbital (s, p, d, or f)
- What are the possible values for the spin quantum number (ms)?
- +1/2 or -1/2
- Describe the shape of an s orbital
- Spherical
- How many p orbitals are in a p subshell?
- Three (px, py, pz)
- State the Aufbau principle
- Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, starting with the lowest energy orbital
- State the Pauli exclusion principle
- No two electrons in the same atom can have identical sets of quantum numbers
- State Hund's rule
- Electrons occupy orbitals singly (with parallel spins) before pairing up in the same orbital
- What are valence electrons?
- Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
- What are core electrons?
- Electrons in inner shells (not the valence shell)