Reaction types, stoichiometry, and limiting reagent concepts tested on AP Chemistry.
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- What is a synthesis reaction?
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A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form one product.- What is a decomposition reaction?
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A reaction in which one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.- In a single replacement reaction, what occurs?
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One element replaces another element in a compound.- What occurs in a double replacement reaction?
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The cations and anions of two compounds exchange with each other.- What is a combustion reaction?
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A reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen, usually releasing heat and light.- What are the products when a hydrocarbon undergoes complete combustion?
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Carbon dioxide and water.- Define molar ratio.
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The ratio of the coefficients of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation.- What does each coefficient in a balanced equation represent?
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The number of moles of that substance that reacts or is produced.- What is Avogadro's number?
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6.022 × 10^23 particles per mole.- What volume does one mole of gas occupy at STP?
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22.4 liters.- Define percent composition.
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The mass of an element divided by the total mass of the compound, expressed as a percentage.- What is an empirical formula?
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The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.- What is a molecular formula?
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The actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a compound.- Define limiting reagent.
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The reactant that is completely consumed first, limiting the amount of product formed.- How do you identify the limiting reagent?
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Calculate the amount of product each reactant would produce and select the reactant that produces the least.
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