Core information systems and business technology concepts tested on the CLEP Information Systems exam. Front: the term. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- Information System
- An integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and delivering information to support decision-making and organizational operations.
- Data
- Raw facts and figures without context or meaning, such as numbers, text, or symbols collected from various sources.
- Information
- Processed and organized data that has been given context and meaning, making it useful for decision-making.
- Hardware
- The physical components of a computer system, including the processor, memory, storage devices, and peripherals.
- Software
- Programs and operating systems that run on computer hardware to perform specific functions and tasks.
- Database
- An organized collection of structured data stored and accessed electronically, managed by a database management system.
- Network
- A system of interconnected computers and devices that share resources and exchange data through communication links.
- Server
- A powerful computer that provides resources, services, or data to other computers (clients) on a network.
- Client
- A computer or device that requests resources or services from a server on a network.
- Cloud Computing
- The delivery of computing services (applications, storage, processing) over the internet rather than on local hardware.
- Cybersecurity
- The practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, theft, or damage.
- Encryption
- The process of converting data into a coded format that cannot be read without a decryption key.
- Authentication
- The process of verifying that a user or system is who or what it claims to be, typically using passwords or biometrics.
- Business Process
- A sequence of activities or tasks performed by people or systems to achieve a specific organizational outcome.
- System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
- A structured process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying information systems, typically involving multiple phases.