Core information systems and business technology concepts tested on the CLEP Information Systems exam. Front: the term. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- Information System
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An integrated set of components for collecting, storing, processing, and delivering information to support decision-making and organizational operations.- Data
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Raw facts and figures without context or meaning, such as numbers, text, or symbols collected from various sources.- Information
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Processed and organized data that has been given context and meaning, making it useful for decision-making.- Hardware
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The physical components of a computer system, including the processor, memory, storage devices, and peripherals.- Software
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Programs and operating systems that run on computer hardware to perform specific functions and tasks.- Database
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An organized collection of structured data stored and accessed electronically, managed by a database management system.- Network
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A system of interconnected computers and devices that share resources and exchange data through communication links.- Server
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A powerful computer that provides resources, services, or data to other computers (clients) on a network.- Client
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A computer or device that requests resources or services from a server on a network.- Cloud Computing
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The delivery of computing services (applications, storage, processing) over the internet rather than on local hardware.- Cybersecurity
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The practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, theft, or damage.- Encryption
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The process of converting data into a coded format that cannot be read without a decryption key.- Authentication
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The process of verifying that a user or system is who or what it claims to be, typically using passwords or biometrics.- Business Process
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A sequence of activities or tasks performed by people or systems to achieve a specific organizational outcome.- System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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A structured process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying information systems, typically involving multiple phases.
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