Diabetes, thyroid disease, GERD, IBS, UTIs, BPH and common renal conditions in the primary care setting.
38 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What HbA1c level is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
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6.5% or higher- What fasting plasma glucose level is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
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126 mg/dL or higher, confirmed on two occasions- What 2-hour glucose level on an oral glucose tolerance test confirms diabetes?
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200 mg/dL or higher- What HbA1c range defines prediabetes?
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5.7% to 6.4%- What is the first-line pharmacologic agent for type 2 diabetes?
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Metformin- Why is metformin typically held before and after contrast imaging studies?
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Risk of lactic acidosis if contrast causes acute kidney impairment- What adverse effect is characteristic of SGLT2 inhibitors?
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Genital mycotic infections- What is the hallmark lab finding in diabetic ketoacidosis?
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Elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis with ketonemia- What TSH and free T4 pattern is seen in primary hypothyroidism?
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Elevated TSH with low free T4- What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions?
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Hashimoto's (autoimmune) thyroiditis- What is the first-line treatment for hypothyroidism?
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Levothyroxine- When should levothyroxine be taken relative to food?
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On an empty stomach, 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast- What TSH and free T4 pattern is seen in primary hyperthyroidism?
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Low TSH with elevated free T4 and/or T3- What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
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Graves' disease- What eye finding is characteristic of Graves' disease?
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Exophthalmos (proptosis)
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