Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, asthma, COPD and pneumonia guidelines in outpatient practice.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Per ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines, what blood pressure defines Stage 2 hypertension?
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140/90 mmHg or higher- What are the four first-line drug classes recommended for most adults starting antihypertensive therapy?
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Thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and calcium channel blockers- In a Black patient with hypertension but no heart failure or CKD, which first-line agents are preferred?
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A thiazide diuretic or a calcium channel blocker- What is the general blood pressure goal for most adults being treated for hypertension per ACC/AHA?
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Less than 130/80 mmHg- What common side effect prompts switching a patient from an ACE inhibitor to an ARB?
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A persistent dry cough- Why are ACE inhibitors and ARBs avoided in pregnancy?
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They are teratogenic and can cause fetal renal damage- In a hypertensive patient with chronic kidney disease and proteinuria, which drug class is preferred?
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An ACE inhibitor or ARB- What is the first-line drug class for lowering LDL cholesterol?
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Statins- In a patient with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, what statin intensity is recommended regardless of baseline LDL?
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High-intensity statin therapy- An LDL of 190 mg/dL or higher warrants statin therapy regardless of calculated risk score. Why?
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It indicates severe hypercholesterolemia with very high lifetime cardiovascular risk- What major adverse effect should patients starting a statin be counseled to report?
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Unexplained muscle pain or weakness (myopathy, rarely rhabdomyolysis)- What lab should be checked before starting a statin?
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Baseline liver function tests- For a patient age 40-75 with diabetes and LDL 70-189 mg/dL, what statin intensity is recommended?
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At least a moderate-intensity statin- What ejection fraction defines heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
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40% or less- What are the four pillars of guideline-directed medical therapy for HFrEF?
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An ARNI (or ACE inhibitor/ARB), a beta-blocker, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and an SGLT2 inhibitor
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