Intro A&P: nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems.
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- What are the three primary functions of the nervous system?
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Sensory input, integration, motor output.- Distinguish the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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CNS includes the brain and spinal cord; PNS includes all neural tissue outside the CNS.- What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?
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Voluntary skeletal muscle movement and conscious sensory perception.- How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system differ in their effects on heart rate?
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Sympathetic increases heart rate; parasympathetic decreases it.- Name the three main parts of a neuron.
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Soma (cell body), dendrites, and axon.- What is an action potential?
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A rapid change in membrane potential caused by the flow of ions across the neuron membrane.- What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?
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Approximately negative 70 millivolts (mV).- Define a synapse.
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The gap between a presynaptic neuron terminal and a postsynaptic neuron or effector cell.- Name three neurotransmitters and their general roles.
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Acetylcholine (muscle contraction, parasympathetic), norepinephrine (sympathetic arousal), dopamine (motor control, mood).- What is the primary function of dopamine in the nervous system?
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Motor control and regulation of mood, motivation, and reward.- What role does serotonin play in the CNS?
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Mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.- What does the gray matter of the spinal cord contain?
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Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and synapses.- Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.
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Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.- What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
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Coordination of movement, balance, and fine motor control.- Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for speech production?
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The frontal lobe, specifically Broca's area.
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