Intro A&P: nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems.
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- What are the three primary functions of the nervous system?
- Sensory input, integration, motor output.
- Distinguish the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- CNS includes the brain and spinal cord; PNS includes all neural tissue outside the CNS.
- What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?
- Voluntary skeletal muscle movement and conscious sensory perception.
- How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system differ in their effects on heart rate?
- Sympathetic increases heart rate; parasympathetic decreases it.
- Name the three main parts of a neuron.
- Soma (cell body), dendrites, and axon.
- What is an action potential?
- A rapid change in membrane potential caused by the flow of ions across the neuron membrane.
- What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?
- Approximately negative 70 millivolts (mV).
- Define a synapse.
- The gap between a presynaptic neuron terminal and a postsynaptic neuron or effector cell.
- Name three neurotransmitters and their general roles.
- Acetylcholine (muscle contraction, parasympathetic), norepinephrine (sympathetic arousal), dopamine (motor control, mood).
- What is the primary function of dopamine in the nervous system?
- Motor control and regulation of mood, motivation, and reward.
- What role does serotonin play in the CNS?
- Mood regulation, sleep, appetite, and pain perception.
- What does the gray matter of the spinal cord contain?
- Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and synapses.
- Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex.
- Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
- What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
- Coordination of movement, balance, and fine motor control.
- Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for speech production?
- The frontal lobe, specifically Broca's area.