Seismology basics, fault types, and volcanic types and features from an intro geology course.
36 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is an earthquake?
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Sudden release of energy caused by rock rupture along a fault- What is the focus of an earthquake?
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The point within Earth where rock rupture begins- What is the epicenter?
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The point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake focus- How is earthquake magnitude measured?
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By the amount of energy released, using the Richter or moment magnitude scale- What is the key difference between magnitude and intensity?
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Magnitude measures energy released; intensity measures observed damage and human effects- What are P-waves in seismology?
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Primary waves; the fastest seismic waves that travel through both solids and liquids- What are S-waves?
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Secondary waves; seismic waves slower than P-waves that travel through solids only- What are surface waves in earthquakes?
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The slowest seismic waves that travel along Earth's surface and cause the most damage- What does a seismograph measure?
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The motion and vibrations of earthquakes recorded in the ground- What causes earthquakes?
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Sudden movement or rupture along faults as tectonic stress is released- What is an aftershock?
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A smaller earthquake that follows a main earthquake along the same fault- What is a foreshock?
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A smaller earthquake that precedes a main earthquake from the same fault area- What is a fault?
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A fracture or plane in rock along which movement or displacement has occurred- What characterizes a normal fault?
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The hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall, caused by tensional stress- What characterizes a reverse fault?
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The hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall, caused by compressional stress
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