Core and noncore vaccines in dogs, cats and horses, parvovirus, distemper, feline leukemia, leptospirosis, and zoonotic disease control.
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- What are the four core vaccines recommended for essentially all dogs in the US?
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Canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus-2, and rabies.- What are the four core vaccines recommended for essentially all cats?
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Feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus, and rabies.- According to AAEP guidelines, which four vaccines are core for all horses?
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Rabies, tetanus, Eastern/Western equine encephalomyelitis, and West Nile virus.- What virus family does canine parvovirus belong to?
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Parvoviridae.- What is the primary route of canine parvovirus transmission?
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Fecal-oral contact with contaminated feces or environment.- Which cell types does canine parvovirus preferentially infect?
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Rapidly dividing cells, such as intestinal crypt epithelium and bone marrow precursors.- What age range of puppies is most susceptible to severe parvovirus infection?
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Roughly 6 weeks to 6 months of age.- What classic hematologic finding accompanies canine parvovirus enteritis?
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Leukopenia, especially neutropenia and lymphopenia.- What cardiac form of parvovirus infection can occur in very young, unvaccinated puppies?
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Myocarditis.- Why is canine parvovirus especially difficult to eliminate from a contaminated environment?
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It is a nonenveloped virus that can survive in the environment for months to years.- Which disinfectant is effective against canine parvovirus in the environment?
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Diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach).- What is the causative agent of canine distemper?
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Canine distemper virus, a paramyxovirus.- Which body systems can be affected by canine distemper virus?
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Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic systems.- What skin lesion is classically associated with chronic canine distemper infection?
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Nasodigital hyperkeratosis, known as hard pad disease.- What involuntary muscle twitching is a hallmark neurologic sign of canine distemper?
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Myoclonus (chorea).
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