Classic pathology vocabulary and named signs/eponyms with a one-line definition each.
46 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Apoptosis
- Programmed cell death characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and fragmentation without inflammatory response.
- Necrosis
- Pathological cell death caused by external injury, characterized by cell swelling, membrane rupture, and inflammation.
- Autophagy
- Cellular self-digestion through sequestration of cytoplasm and organelles in membrane-bound autophagosomes.
- Hypertrophy
- Increase in the size of individual cells, leading to enlarged organ or tissue mass.
- Hyperplasia
- Increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, usually due to increased demand or growth factor stimulation.
- Atrophy
- Decrease in cell size and tissue mass, often due to disuse, denervation, or decreased blood supply.
- Metaplasia
- Reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another mature cell type, usually in response to chronic irritation.
- Dysplasia
- Disorderly growth of cells characterized by nuclear enlargement, increased mitotic activity, and loss of normal tissue architecture.
- Anaplasia
- Loss of cellular differentiation in malignant tumors, with primitive appearance and high mitotic activity.
- Steatosis
- Abnormal accumulation of fat (triglycerides) within cells, most commonly seen in the liver.
- Fibrosis
- Excessive deposition of collagen in tissue, typically resulting from chronic inflammation or injury.
- Cirrhosis
- End-stage liver disease characterized by widespread fibrosis, regenerative nodules, and loss of normal liver architecture.
- Granuloma
- Collection of epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, typically forming in response to persistent irritants or infections.
- Abscess
- Localized collection of pus (dead neutrophils, bacteria, and cellular debris) within tissue.
- Exudate
- Inflammatory fluid with high protein concentration (>2.5 g/dL) and many cells, indicating increased vascular permeability.