Sleep disorders including sleep apnea and insomnia management as tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
29 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What AHI (apnea-hypopnea index) threshold defines obstructive sleep apnea in a patient WITH symptoms like daytime sleepiness?
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AHI of 5 or more events per hour- What AHI threshold defines obstructive sleep apnea even in an ASYMPTOMATIC patient?
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AHI of 15 or more events per hour- What does the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) measure?
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The average number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep- The gold-standard test for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea is ____.
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polysomnography- What is the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea?
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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)- What is the STOP-BANG questionnaire used for?
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Screening for risk of obstructive sleep apnea- What does the Epworth Sleepiness Scale assess?
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A patient's subjective level of daytime sleepiness- Central sleep apnea with a Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern is most commonly caused by what condition?
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Congestive heart failure- What is obesity hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)?
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Obesity plus chronic daytime hypercapnia not explained by another cause- What is the single most important modifiable risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea?
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Obesity- What cardiopulmonary complication can result from long-standing untreated severe OSA?
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Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale- What is the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia disorder?
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Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)- How long must sleep difficulty persist, occurring at least 3 nights per week, to meet criteria for insomnia disorder?
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At least 3 months- What class of medication is preferred for short-term pharmacologic treatment of insomnia?
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Nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists (Z-drugs, e.g., zolpidem)- What is cataplexy and what typically triggers it?
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Sudden, brief loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotion (e.g., laughter)
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