Benign and malignant bone tumors plus osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and Paget disease with their imaging and lab clues.
34 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the most common benign bone tumor overall?
- Osteochondroma
- What clinical feature is classic for osteoid osteoma?
- Night pain that is dramatically relieved by NSAIDs
- How does osteoblastoma typically differ from osteoid osteoma?
- It is larger (over 2 cm) and most often occurs in the vertebrae
- Where do giant cell tumors of bone typically arise?
- The epiphysis of long bones, often near the knee
- What is the classic x-ray appearance of a giant cell tumor of bone?
- A soap bubble appearance
- In what age group do giant cell tumors of bone most commonly occur?
- Young adults, roughly 20 to 40 years old
- Where do enchondromas typically arise?
- In the medullary cavity of the small bones of the hands and feet
- What is the characteristic x-ray finding in fibrous dysplasia?
- A ground-glass appearance
- What syndrome pairs fibrous dysplasia with precocious puberty and cafe-au-lait spots?
- McCune-Albright syndrome
- What is the most common primary malignant bone tumor?
- Osteosarcoma
- Where does osteosarcoma most often arise?
- The metaphysis of long bones, especially around the knee (distal femur or proximal tibia)
- What is the age distribution of osteosarcoma?
- Bimodal: adolescents during growth spurts, and older adults with predisposing conditions like Paget disease
- What periosteal x-ray sign, from the tumor lifting the periosteum off the bone, is classic for osteosarcoma?
- Codman triangle
- What radiating, spiculated periosteal pattern is seen in osteosarcoma?
- A sunburst pattern
- Name three risk factors for developing osteosarcoma.
- Paget disease of bone, prior radiation exposure, and hereditary retinoblastoma (RB1 mutation)