Fatty acid synthesis, beta-oxidation, and lipoprotein metabolism tested on USMLE Step 1.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?
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Acetyl-CoA carboxylase- What vitamin-derived cofactor does acetyl-CoA carboxylase require?
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Biotin- What is the direct product of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase reaction?
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Malonyl-CoA- Which metabolite allosterically activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
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Citrate- Which metabolite provides feedback inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
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Palmitoyl-CoA (long-chain fatty acyl-CoA)- Which enzyme phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase during fasting or exercise?
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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- What multi-enzyme complex assembles palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA units?
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Fatty acid synthase- In which cellular compartment does fatty acid synthesis take place?
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The cytoplasm- In which cellular compartment does fatty acid beta-oxidation take place?
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The mitochondrial matrix- What pathway is the main source of NADPH used in fatty acid synthesis?
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The pentose phosphate pathway (HMP shunt)- What shuttle moves acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis?
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The citrate shuttle- Which enzyme cleaves cytoplasmic citrate into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate?
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ATP-citrate lyase- What molecule is required to shuttle long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation?
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Carnitine- What is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid beta-oxidation?
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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I)- Which metabolite inhibits CPT-I, preventing fatty acid oxidation when synthesis is active?
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Malonyl-CoA
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