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Statistics for Social Sciences · College

Social Science Stats: Survey Design and Bias

Survey question design and common sources of bias in social science data collection, such as response bias and sampling bias.

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What is a leading question?
A question phrased in a way that suggests a particular answer or steers the respondent toward a desired response.
What is a double-barreled question?
A single question that asks about two different things at once, making it impossible to know which one the respondent is answering.
What is social desirability bias?
The tendency for respondents to answer questions in a way that makes them look good to others rather than answering truthfully.
What is selection bias?
Systematic error that occurs when the sample is not representative of the population due to the selection process.
What is non-response bias?
Error introduced when people who do not respond to a survey differ systematically from those who do respond.
What is voluntary response bias?
Bias that occurs when sample members are self-selected, such as surveys in which participation is optional.
What is the response rate in a survey?
The percentage of people in the sample who completed and returned the survey.
What is a sampling frame?
The list or procedure used to select units in a survey from the target population.
What is undercoverage?
A coverage error in which some members of the target population cannot be reached or selected for the survey.
What is overcoverage?
A coverage error in which ineligible people or units are included in the sampling frame.
What is question order effect?
Bias that occurs when the order in which survey questions are asked affects how respondents answer them.
What is one advantage of open-ended survey questions?
They allow respondents to express answers in their own words and can reveal unexpected responses or nuances.
What is one advantage of closed-ended survey questions?
Responses are easier to code, analyze, and compare across respondents.
What is loaded language in a survey question?
Words or phrases chosen to evoke emotional responses, such as 'bureaucratic waste' instead of 'government spending.'
What is acquiescence bias (yea-saying)?
The tendency for respondents to agree with survey statements regardless of their true opinion.

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