Informed consent, institutional review boards, and other research ethics concepts applied to social science studies.
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- What is informed consent?
- A participant's voluntary agreement to participate in research based on full information about the study, its risks, and benefits.
- What does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) do?
- Reviews and approves research proposals to ensure they meet ethical standards and protect human subjects.
- Define the ethical principle of beneficence.
- The obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harms to research participants.
- Define the ethical principle of justice.
- Fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research across different populations.
- Define the ethical principle of respect for persons.
- Recognition that individuals have autonomy and dignity and should be treated as ends in themselves, not merely as means.
- What is a vulnerable population in research?
- A group with reduced ability to protect their own interests, such as children, prisoners, or those with cognitive impairments.
- Distinguish between confidentiality and anonymity.
- Confidentiality means the researcher knows identity but keeps it secret; anonymity means no one can link data to a specific person.
- What is a conflict of interest in research?
- A situation where a researcher's personal, financial, or professional interests could bias or influence the research outcomes or integrity.
- When is deception permissible in social science research?
- Only when the deception is minimal, justified by the study's importance, and debriefing follows to explain the actual purpose.
- What is debriefing in research?
- The process of explaining the study's true purpose and methods to participants after the study ends, especially after deceptive procedures.
- When must a researcher obtain IRB approval?
- Before beginning any research involving human subjects, unless the research is explicitly exempt by regulation.
- What defines minimal risk research?
- Research where the probability and magnitude of harm are no greater than those encountered in daily life or in routine medical exams.
- What research exceeds minimal risk?
- Research where participants may experience discomfort, stress, or potential harm beyond what they would encounter in routine daily activities.
- What is a risk-benefit analysis in research ethics?
- An evaluation of whether the potential benefits to participants and society justify the risks and burdens of participating.
- What is assent in research?
- A child's or cognitively impaired person's agreement to participate, given in addition to parental or guardian consent.
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