Literacy instruction methods and language arts content knowledge tested on the Praxis Elementary Education exam.
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- What is phonemic awareness?
- The ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.
- What is phonics?
- The teaching method that explicitly connects letters and letter combinations to their sounds.
- Define reading fluency.
- The ability to read words accurately, quickly, and with appropriate expression and phrasing.
- What is a phoneme?
- The smallest unit of sound in a language.
- What is a grapheme?
- The written symbol or letter that represents a phoneme.
- What are sight words?
- High-frequency words that students should recognize instantly, often because they do not follow regular phonetic patterns.
- What is guided reading?
- Small-group instruction where the teacher guides students through a carefully selected text at their instructional level.
- What is a running record?
- A detailed observation and recording of a student's oral reading, used to assess accuracy, fluency, and comprehension strategies.
- What does decoding mean in reading?
- Using phonetic knowledge and word-analysis strategies to recognize and pronounce written words.
- What does encoding mean in literacy?
- Using phonetic and spelling knowledge to write words, converting sounds into written symbols.
- What is an onset and rime?
- Onset is the initial consonant or consonant cluster in a word; rime is the vowel and all consonants that follow it.
- What are CVC words?
- Words with a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, such as 'cat', 'sit', or 'dog'.
- What is a digraph?
- Two letters that together represent a single sound, such as 'ch', 'sh', 'th', or 'ng'.
- What is a consonant blend or cluster?
- Two or more consonants together in a word where each consonant sound is heard, such as 'st', 'bl', or 'str'.
- What is a vowel team or vowel digraph?
- Two or more vowels together that represent a single vowel sound, such as 'ea', 'oa', 'ai', or 'ee'.