Literacy instruction methods and language arts content knowledge tested on the Praxis Elementary Education exam.
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- What is phonemic awareness?
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The ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.- What is phonics?
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The teaching method that explicitly connects letters and letter combinations to their sounds.- Define reading fluency.
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The ability to read words accurately, quickly, and with appropriate expression and phrasing.- What is a phoneme?
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The smallest unit of sound in a language.- What is a grapheme?
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The written symbol or letter that represents a phoneme.- What are sight words?
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High-frequency words that students should recognize instantly, often because they do not follow regular phonetic patterns.- What is guided reading?
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Small-group instruction where the teacher guides students through a carefully selected text at their instructional level.- What is a running record?
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A detailed observation and recording of a student's oral reading, used to assess accuracy, fluency, and comprehension strategies.- What does decoding mean in reading?
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Using phonetic knowledge and word-analysis strategies to recognize and pronounce written words.- What does encoding mean in literacy?
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Using phonetic and spelling knowledge to write words, converting sounds into written symbols.- What is an onset and rime?
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Onset is the initial consonant or consonant cluster in a word; rime is the vowel and all consonants that follow it.- What are CVC words?
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Words with a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, such as 'cat', 'sit', or 'dog'.- What is a digraph?
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Two letters that together represent a single sound, such as 'ch', 'sh', 'th', or 'ng'.- What is a consonant blend or cluster?
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Two or more consonants together in a word where each consonant sound is heard, such as 'st', 'bl', or 'str'.- What is a vowel team or vowel digraph?
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Two or more vowels together that represent a single vowel sound, such as 'ea', 'oa', 'ai', or 'ee'.
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