Common argument structures used in persuasive writing, including claim, evidence, and warrant.
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- What is a claim in an argument?
- A statement that asserts something to be true, false, or should be done; the central point being argued.
- What role does evidence play in persuasive writing?
- Evidence supports or proves a claim by providing facts, examples, data, or testimony that backs up the assertion.
- In Toulmin's argument model, what is a warrant?
- The logical connection or reasoning that explains how the evidence actually supports the claim.
- In Toulmin's model, what is backing?
- Additional support or evidence for the warrant itself, explaining why the warrant is valid or true.
- In Toulmin's model, what is a qualifier?
- A word or phrase that limits the scope or certainty of a claim, such as usually, may, possibly, or in most cases.
- What is a counterclaim?
- An argument that opposes or contradicts the main thesis or position being argued.
- What is a concession in persuasive writing?
- Acknowledging a valid point made by the opposing side while still maintaining that the main argument is stronger.
- What is a rebuttal?
- A response that challenges or refutes an opposing argument, often by presenting contrary evidence or logic.
- What is refutation?
- The act of disproving or invalidating an opponent's argument by showing it is false, illogical, or unsupported.
- Define ethos as a rhetorical appeal.
- An appeal based on the credibility, trustworthiness, and character of the speaker or writer.
- Define pathos as a rhetorical appeal.
- An appeal to the audience's emotions, values, and personal experiences to evoke feeling and engagement.
- Define logos as a rhetorical appeal.
- An appeal based on reason, logic, facts, statistics, and rational argument.
- What is inductive reasoning?
- Drawing a general conclusion or principle from specific examples, observations, or evidence.
- What is deductive reasoning?
- Applying a general rule or principle to reach a specific conclusion about a particular case.
- What is a syllogism?
- A three-part deductive argument consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.
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