Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and other inhaled or aerosolized respiratory medications, including drug class and mechanism of action.
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- Drug class of albuterol
- Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)
- Mechanism of action of beta-2 agonists
- Stimulating beta-2 receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle and cause bronchodilation
- Common side effect of beta-2 agonists
- Tachycardia and tremor
- Drug class of salmeterol and formoterol
- Long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)
- Drug class of ipratropium bromide
- Short-acting anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) bronchodilator
- Mechanism of action of anticholinergic bronchodilators
- Blocking acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors to reduce bronchoconstriction and secretions
- Drug class of tiotropium
- Long-acting anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) bronchodilator
- Combination bronchodilator pairing a SABA with a short-acting anticholinergic
- Albuterol and ipratropium
- Primary use of inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone or budesonide
- Reducing airway inflammation for long-term asthma or COPD control
- Inhaled corticosteroids are not used for
- Acute bronchospasm relief, since they have no immediate bronchodilator effect
- A key patient counseling point after inhaled corticosteroid use
- Rinsing the mouth with water to reduce the risk of oral thrush
- Drug class of theophylline
- Methylxanthine bronchodilator
- A key monitoring concern with theophylline
- Narrow therapeutic index requiring blood level monitoring to avoid toxicity
- Mechanism of action of leukotriene modifiers such as montelukast
- Blocking leukotriene receptors to reduce airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction
- Drug class of cromolyn sodium
- Mast cell stabilizer
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