Artificial airway types, intubation and extubation criteria, and airway clearance technique terminology for respiratory therapists.
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- An oropharyngeal airway (OPA) is used in
- An unconscious patient without a gag reflex to prevent the tongue from obstructing the airway
- A nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) can be used in
- A conscious or semiconscious patient who still has a gag reflex
- Correct sizing of an oropharyngeal airway
- Measured from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe or angle of the jaw
- Standard method to confirm correct endotracheal tube placement
- End-tidal CO2 detection along with bilateral breath sounds and chest rise
- A normal adult endotracheal tube depth at the teeth or lips
- Approximately 21 to 23 cm
- A typical adult endotracheal tube cuff pressure range
- 20 to 30 cm H2O
- Excessive endotracheal tube cuff pressure risks
- Tracheal mucosal ischemia and injury
- Insufficient endotracheal tube cuff pressure risks
- Air leak and aspiration around the cuff
- A right mainstem intubation is suspected when
- Breath sounds are diminished or absent on the left side after intubation
- The main anatomic reason the right mainstem bronchus is more often intubated
- It branches off the trachea at a less acute angle than the left mainstem bronchus
- A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is classified as
- A supraglottic airway device
- A tracheostomy tube differs from an endotracheal tube in that it
- Is surgically placed directly into the trachea through the neck rather than through the mouth or nose
- A common indication for tracheostomy over prolonged translaryngeal intubation
- Anticipated long-term mechanical ventilation
- An obturator is used with a tracheostomy tube to
- Guide smooth, atraumatic insertion of the outer cannula
- The inner cannula of a tracheostomy tube is removed and cleaned to
- Prevent mucus buildup and airway obstruction
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