Artificial airway types, intubation and extubation criteria, and airway clearance technique terminology for respiratory therapists.
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- An oropharyngeal airway (OPA) is used in
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An unconscious patient without a gag reflex to prevent the tongue from obstructing the airway- A nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) can be used in
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A conscious or semiconscious patient who still has a gag reflex- Correct sizing of an oropharyngeal airway
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Measured from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe or angle of the jaw- Standard method to confirm correct endotracheal tube placement
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End-tidal CO2 detection along with bilateral breath sounds and chest rise- A normal adult endotracheal tube depth at the teeth or lips
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Approximately 21 to 23 cm- A typical adult endotracheal tube cuff pressure range
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20 to 30 cm H2O- Excessive endotracheal tube cuff pressure risks
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Tracheal mucosal ischemia and injury- Insufficient endotracheal tube cuff pressure risks
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Air leak and aspiration around the cuff- A right mainstem intubation is suspected when
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Breath sounds are diminished or absent on the left side after intubation- The main anatomic reason the right mainstem bronchus is more often intubated
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It branches off the trachea at a less acute angle than the left mainstem bronchus- A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is classified as
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A supraglottic airway device- A tracheostomy tube differs from an endotracheal tube in that it
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Is surgically placed directly into the trachea through the neck rather than through the mouth or nose- A common indication for tracheostomy over prolonged translaryngeal intubation
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Anticipated long-term mechanical ventilation- An obturator is used with a tracheostomy tube to
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Guide smooth, atraumatic insertion of the outer cannula- The inner cannula of a tracheostomy tube is removed and cleaned to
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Prevent mucus buildup and airway obstruction
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