Arterial blood gas interpretation: pH, PaCO2, HCO3, and PaO2 patterns for acid-base disorders tested on the NBRC TMC exam.
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- Normal ABG pH range
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7.35 to 7.45- Normal PaCO2 range on ABG
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35 to 45 mmHg- Normal HCO3 range on ABG
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22 to 26 mEq/L- Normal PaO2 range on room air at sea level
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80 to 100 mmHg- A pH below 7.35 indicates
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Acidosis- A pH above 7.45 indicates
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Alkalosis- PaCO2 above 45 mmHg with an acidotic pH indicates
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Respiratory acidosis- PaCO2 below 35 mmHg with an alkalotic pH indicates
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Respiratory alkalosis- HCO3 below 22 mEq/L with an acidotic pH indicates
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Metabolic acidosis- HCO3 above 26 mEq/L with an alkalotic pH indicates
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Metabolic alkalosis- Primary mechanism causing respiratory acidosis
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Alveolar hypoventilation causing CO2 retention- Primary mechanism causing respiratory alkalosis
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Alveolar hyperventilation causing excess CO2 elimination- A common cause of metabolic acidosis
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Diabetic ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis- A common cause of metabolic alkalosis
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Prolonged vomiting or diuretic therapy- How the kidneys compensate for chronic respiratory acidosis
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By retaining bicarbonate
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