Apgar scoring, neonatal jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, newborn screening, prematurity complications and congenital infections.
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- What does the Apgar score evaluate in a newborn?
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The newborn's clinical condition at birth- What five components make up the Apgar score?
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Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color- At what two time points is the Apgar score routinely assessed?
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1 minute and 5 minutes after birth- What Apgar score range is considered normal?
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7 to 10- A heart rate greater than 100 bpm earns an Apgar score of ____ points in that category.
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2- What does an Apgar score of 0 to 3 at 5 minutes indicate?
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A severely depressed infant needing immediate resuscitation- What causes physiologic neonatal jaundice?
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Immature hepatic bilirubin conjugation combined with increased red blood cell breakdown- When does physiologic jaundice typically appear and peak?
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Appears after 24 hours of life, peaking around day 3 to 5- Jaundice appearing within the first 24 hours of life suggests what?
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Pathologic jaundice, such as hemolytic disease of the newborn- What is kernicterus?
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Brain damage from unconjugated bilirubin depositing in the basal ganglia- What is the first-line treatment for significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?
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Phototherapy- How does phototherapy lower bilirubin levels?
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It converts unconjugated bilirubin into water-soluble isomers that can be excreted without conjugation- What is breast milk jaundice?
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Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in breastfed infants lasting beyond the first week of life- What is the underlying cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
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Surfactant deficiency- What is the main role of pulmonary surfactant?
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It reduces alveolar surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse
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