A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield pediatrics facts for final week review.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
- Surfactant deficiency
- Neonatal jaundice appearing in the first 24 hours of life is always considered what?
- Pathologic (never physiologic)
- What is the feared neurologic complication of severe untreated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?
- Kernicterus
- Pneumatosis intestinalis on abdominal X-ray in a premature infant is diagnostic of what condition?
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
- A newborn with a scaphoid abdomen and severe respiratory distress likely has what congenital defect?
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Polyhydramnios plus inability to pass a nasogastric tube into the stomach suggests what neonatal diagnosis?
- Esophageal atresia (often with tracheoesophageal fistula)
- Every US newborn is screened for ____ because early treatment prevents intellectual disability.
- congenital hypothyroidism
- What vitamin is routinely given by injection to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn?
- Vitamin K
- A 'double bubble' sign on abdominal X-ray in a newborn is classic for what diagnosis?
- Duodenal atresia
- Duodenal atresia is strongly associated with what chromosomal syndrome?
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
- A 3 to 6 week old infant with projectile nonbilious vomiting and a palpable 'olive' mass in the abdomen has what condition?
- Pyloric stenosis
- What acid-base and electrolyte pattern is classic for pyloric stenosis?
- Hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
- An infant with intermittent abdominal pain, 'currant jelly' stools, and a 'target sign' on ultrasound has what condition?
- Intussusception
- A newborn who fails to pass meconium within 48 hours of birth should be evaluated for what condition?
- Hirschsprung disease
- Hirschsprung disease results from the absence of what cell type in the distal bowel wall?
- Ganglion cells