Latin Level 3, Unit 6: Roman Government and Law. Core vocabulary, forms, and short example sentences for this unit. Front: the Latin word or form. Back: English meaning (brief grammatical note in parentheses where useful, e.g. case or conjugation).
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- What written Roman legal code, displayed publicly, is considered the foundation of Roman law?
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The Twelve Tables- What term describes the body of Roman civil law developed over centuries, later codified under Justinian?
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Roman law (ius civile), later the Corpus Juris Civilis- What Roman legal principle holds that an accused person is innocent until proven guilty?
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A presumption of innocence, an idea with roots in Roman legal thought- What Roman magistracy handled the administration of justice, presiding over legal proceedings?
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The praetor- What Roman assembly, representing the whole citizen body organized by military centuries, elected top magistrates?
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The Centuriate Assembly (Comitia Centuriata)- What Roman assembly, organized by tribe, elected lower magistrates and passed legislation?
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The Tribal Assembly (Comitia Tributa)- What Roman official held veto power on behalf of the plebeians, protecting their interests?
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The tribune of the plebs- What Latin term describes the collective decisions and legal opinions issued by the Senate?
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Senatus consulta (decrees of the Senate)- What Roman magistrate was responsible for managing public finances and served as a stepping stone in a political career?
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The quaestor- What Roman magistrate supervised public works, games, and the grain supply?
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The aedile- What was the 'cursus honorum,' the traditional sequence of public offices a Roman politician pursued?
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The 'course of honors,' the sequential ladder of Roman political offices- What Roman legal concept, 'patria potestas,' described the extensive legal authority a father held over his household?
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Paternal power/authority- What term describes formally freeing a slave under Roman law?
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Manumission- What Roman legal document set out a citizen's legal rights and could be used to prove citizenship status?
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A certificate or record of citizenship- What Roman legal principle allowed a citizen facing capital punishment to appeal to the People?
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Provocatio (the right of appeal)
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