Latin Level 3, Unit 2: Ablative Absolute and Advanced Syntax. Core vocabulary, forms, and short example sentences for this unit. Front: the Latin word or form. Back: English meaning (brief grammatical note in parentheses where useful, e.g. case or conjugation).
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- What Latin syntax construction uses a noun and participle both in the ablative case, independent of the main clause's grammar?
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The ablative absolute- Caesare duce
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With Caesar as leader / under Caesar's leadership (ablative absolute with two nouns)- Urbe deleta
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The city having been destroyed (ablative absolute with a participle)- What is the most natural English translation style for an ablative absolute, since Latin has no exact equivalent construction?
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A subordinate clause introduced by 'when,' 'since,' 'after,' or 'although'- What advanced Latin construction uses an accusative noun and an infinitive verb to report speech, thought, or perception?
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Indirect statement (accusative + infinitive)- Credo eum venturum esse
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I believe that he will come (indirect statement, future infinitive)- What construction expresses purpose using a supine after a verb of motion?
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The supine of purpose- Venit spectatum
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He came to watch (supine of purpose)- What advanced construction expresses 'although,' often using 'cum' with the subjunctive?
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The concessive cum clause- Cum dives esset, tamen avarus erat
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Although he was rich, he was still greedy (concessive cum clause)- What Latin construction, similar to English 'the more... the more,' pairs comparatives with 'quo... eo'?
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The correlative comparative construction- Quo plus habet, eo plus cupit
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The more he has, the more he desires (correlative comparative)- What construction expresses a wish for the past that did not happen, using the pluperfect subjunctive with 'utinam'?
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The unfulfilled optative wish- Utinam id fecissem!
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If only I had done that! (unfulfilled past wish)- What Latin syntax term describes a verb form that agrees with an implied, unstated subject, common in impersonal expressions?
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Impersonal construction
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