Latin Level 3, Unit 2: Ablative Absolute and Advanced Syntax. Core vocabulary, forms, and short example sentences for this unit. Front: the Latin word or form. Back: English meaning (brief grammatical note in parentheses where useful, e.g. case or conjugation).
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- What Latin syntax construction uses a noun and participle both in the ablative case, independent of the main clause's grammar?
- The ablative absolute
- Caesare duce
- With Caesar as leader / under Caesar's leadership (ablative absolute with two nouns)
- Urbe deleta
- The city having been destroyed (ablative absolute with a participle)
- What is the most natural English translation style for an ablative absolute, since Latin has no exact equivalent construction?
- A subordinate clause introduced by 'when,' 'since,' 'after,' or 'although'
- What advanced Latin construction uses an accusative noun and an infinitive verb to report speech, thought, or perception?
- Indirect statement (accusative + infinitive)
- Credo eum venturum esse
- I believe that he will come (indirect statement, future infinitive)
- What construction expresses purpose using a supine after a verb of motion?
- The supine of purpose
- Venit spectatum
- He came to watch (supine of purpose)
- What advanced construction expresses 'although,' often using 'cum' with the subjunctive?
- The concessive cum clause
- Cum dives esset, tamen avarus erat
- Although he was rich, he was still greedy (concessive cum clause)
- What Latin construction, similar to English 'the more... the more,' pairs comparatives with 'quo... eo'?
- The correlative comparative construction
- Quo plus habet, eo plus cupit
- The more he has, the more he desires (correlative comparative)
- What construction expresses a wish for the past that did not happen, using the pluperfect subjunctive with 'utinam'?
- The unfulfilled optative wish
- Utinam id fecissem!
- If only I had done that! (unfulfilled past wish)
- What Latin syntax term describes a verb form that agrees with an implied, unstated subject, common in impersonal expressions?
- Impersonal construction
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