Latin names and terms for Roman gods, heroes, and myths as they appear in Latin texts. Front: the Latin word or name. Back: English meaning with a brief mythological note.
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- Iupiter
- King of the gods, god of sky and thunder, supreme deity in the Roman pantheon
- Iuno
- Queen of the gods, wife of Jupiter, goddess of marriage and women
- Mars
- God of war and agriculture, father of Romulus and Remus
- Venus
- Goddess of love and beauty, mother of Aeneas, ancestral goddess of Rome
- Minerva
- Goddess of wisdom, strategy, and crafts, born from Jupiter's head
- Apollo
- God of sun, music, poetry, prophecy, and healing, twin brother of Diana
- Diana
- Goddess of the hunt and moon, wild animals and chastity, twin of Apollo
- Vulcanus
- God of fire, forge, metalworking, and volcanoes, husband of Venus
- Neptunus
- God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, brother of Jupiter
- Pluto
- God of the underworld and wealth, ruler of the dead, brother of Jupiter
- Vesta
- Goddess of the hearth and home, her sacred flame tended by vestal virgins
- Mercurius
- Messenger god, god of commerce and travelers, carries the caduceus
- Hercules
- Greatest hero of antiquity, son of Jupiter, performed twelve labors
- Aeneas
- Trojan hero, son of Venus, fled Troy and founded Rome's ancestral line
- Romulus
- Legendary founder of Rome, twin brother of Remus, raised by a she-wolf