Latin Level 3, Unit 4: Reading Latin Prose. Core vocabulary, forms, and short example sentences for this unit. Front: the Latin word or form. Back: English meaning (brief grammatical note in parentheses where useful, e.g. case or conjugation).
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- What Roman general and statesman wrote firsthand commentaries on his military campaigns in Gaul?
- Julius Caesar
- Commentarii de Bello Gallico
- Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War
- What is notable about Caesar's prose style, often used to introduce Latin students to unadapted prose?
- It is clear, direct, and relatively simple compared to more ornate authors
- What famous opening line begins Caesar's Gallic War commentaries, describing Gaul's three parts?
- Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres
- What Roman statesman and orator is famous for his speeches against Catiline?
- Cicero
- Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra?
- How long will you abuse our patience, Catiline? (the opening of Cicero's First Catilinarian)
- What is notable about Cicero's prose style, in contrast to Caesar's plain style?
- It is elaborate, rhetorical, and known for long, balanced periodic sentences
- What Roman historian wrote a comprehensive history of Rome from its founding, known as Ab Urbe Condita?
- Livy (Livius)
- What Roman historian wrote critically about the early Roman Empire, including the reigns of Tiberius and Nero?
- Tacitus
- What is notable about Tacitus's prose style?
- It is terse, compressed, and often ironic or morally pointed
- What Roman biographer wrote the Twelve Caesars, profiling the lives of early emperors?
- Suetonius
- What Roman historian, writing in Greek but about Roman history, chronicled Rome's rise as a Mediterranean power?
- Polybius (a Greek writing about Rome)
- What Roman naturalist wrote the encyclopedic Natural History, covering science and the natural world?
- Pliny the Elder
- What Roman writer, nephew of Pliny the Elder, is known for his personal letters, including an account of Vesuvius's eruption?
- Pliny the Younger
- What term describes translating a Latin prose passage word for word, before adjusting to natural English?
- A literal (word-for-word) translation
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