Latin Level 2, Unit 8: Roman History and Society. Core vocabulary, forms, and short example sentences for this unit. Front: the Latin word or form. Back: English meaning (brief grammatical note in parentheses where useful, e.g. case or conjugation).
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- Res publica
- The Republic (literally 'public matter')
- Senatus
- The Senate, the Roman governing council
- Consul
- Consul, one of two chief elected magistrates of the Republic
- Dictator
- Dictator, a temporary sole ruler granted emergency power
- Plebs
- The plebeians, the common citizens of Rome
- Patricii
- The patricians, the aristocratic ruling class
- What event traditionally marks the founding of Rome, according to legend?
- 753 BCE, the founding by Romulus
- What year is traditionally given for the fall of the Roman monarchy and start of the Republic?
- 509 BCE
- What series of wars did Rome fight against Carthage?
- The Punic Wars
- Hannibal
- The Carthaginian general known for crossing the Alps with war elephants
- Iulius Caesar
- Julius Caesar, a Roman general and statesman who became dictator
- What month is named after Julius Caesar?
- July (Julius)
- Augustus
- Augustus, the first Roman emperor
- What year is traditionally given for the fall of the Roman Republic and start of the Empire?
- 27 BCE, when Augustus became emperor
- Imperator
- Emperor / commander (the title later used for Roman rulers)
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