The concept of intersectionality and how overlapping social identities shape experience, as taught in intro courses.
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- What is intersectionality?
- A framework for understanding how overlapping social identities and systems of oppression shape an individual's experiences and social location.
- Who developed the concept of intersectionality?
- Kimberlé Crenshaw, a legal scholar, in 1989.
- Why did Crenshaw develop intersectionality theory?
- To address how Black women faced discrimination that could not be reduced to either racism or sexism alone, but was a distinct combination of both.
- What is the 'matrix of domination' in intersectionality?
- Patricia Hill Collins' framework showing how interlocking systems of oppression (racism, sexism, classism, etc.) work together to structure social inequalities.
- What does 'social location' mean?
- The position an individual occupies in society based on their overlapping social identities (race, gender, class, sexuality, ability status, etc.).
- What is the difference between additive and multiplicative approaches to intersectionality?
- Additive treats oppressions as separate factors that add up; multiplicative recognizes that identities interact to create unique, qualitatively different experiences.
- Can a person experience privilege and marginalization at the same time?
- Yes; intersectionality shows that people can hold privileged positions in one system (e.g., male gender) while being marginalized in another (e.g., racial discrimination).
- Why were Black women central to the development of intersectionality?
- Their experiences of simultaneous racism and sexism highlighted the limitations of single-axis analysis in civil rights and feminist movements.
- Why is single-axis analysis considered insufficient in intersectionality?
- Because it treats racism, sexism, classism, and other systems as separate when they actually interact and shape experiences together.
- What is intersectional feminism?
- A feminist approach that analyzes how gender oppression intersects with other systems of oppression based on race, class, sexuality, ability, and other identities.
- What is institutional intersectionality?
- How intersecting identities and systems of oppression operate within and across institutions like schools, workplaces, and legal systems.
- What is representational intersectionality?
- How people with intersecting identities are portrayed in media, culture, and popular narratives, often through stereotypes or invisibility.
- What is experiential intersectionality?
- The actual, lived experiences of individuals navigating multiple systems of oppression and privilege in their daily lives.
- How does heteronormativity operate as an intersecting system of oppression?
- It assumes heterosexuality as the norm and naturalizes heterosexual relationships, intersecting with gender norms and other systems to marginalize LGBTQ+ individuals.
- What is ableism in an intersectional context?
- The system of oppression that privileges non-disabled people and marginalizes disabled people; it intersects with other identities to shape distinct experiences for disabled people of color, disabled women, etc.
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