Concepts used to analyze gender differences in labor markets, such as the wage gap and occupational segregation.
25 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What does the term 'wage gap' refer to?
- The difference in average earnings between men and women, typically measured as a percentage of men's earnings.
- Define occupational segregation.
- The concentration of men and women in different types of jobs or occupations, limiting integration across the workforce.
- What is horizontal occupational segregation?
- The concentration of men and women in entirely different occupations or career fields at the same skill level.
- What is vertical occupational segregation, also called the glass ceiling?
- The underrepresentation of women in higher-ranked or better-paid positions within the same field or occupation.
- What does the motherhood penalty refer to?
- The reduction in wages and career advancement opportunities that women experience after having children, compared to childless women and fathers.
- Define human capital theory in the context of gender and wages.
- An economic theory that wage differences result from differences in education, training, work experience, and skills.
- What is statistical discrimination in labor markets?
- Discrimination based on an employer's generalized beliefs or stereotypes about a group's productivity, even when inaccurate for individuals.
- What is taste-based discrimination?
- Discrimination based on an employer's or customer's personal prejudice against a group, regardless of actual productivity or qualifications.
- What is the concept of comparable worth?
- The principle that jobs requiring similar levels of skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions should receive equal pay regardless of the gender composition of those jobs.
- What does the occupational crowding hypothesis suggest?
- Gender segregation concentrates workers, particularly women, in certain occupations, increasing labor supply there and driving down wages.
- Define the depreciation hypothesis related to gender and wages.
- The theory that women's wages decline more steeply over time than men's wages, particularly after career interruptions or part-time work.
- What is the glass escalator effect?
- A phenomenon where men in predominantly female occupations experience faster promotion and higher wages than their female counterparts in the same field.
- How is the gender wage gap typically measured?
- By comparing median or mean earnings of women to men, often expressed as women earning a percentage of men's earnings.
- What is intersectionality in the context of labor markets?
- The analysis of how gender discrimination interacts with other forms of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, class, and other identities to shape economic outcomes.
- What does STEM stand for in discussions of gender in the workplace?
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, fields where women remain underrepresented despite similar ability levels.
FlashKeepers