Professional ethics, scope of practice, and dental jurisprudence concepts tested on dental hygiene national board exams.
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- Autonomy
- The ethical principle that a patient has the right to self-determination and to make informed choices about their own care.
- Beneficence
- The ethical principle of acting in ways that promote the patient's well-being and best interest.
- Nonmaleficence
- The ethical principle of avoiding harm to the patient, often summarized as first, do no harm.
- Justice (as an ethical principle)
- The obligation to treat patients fairly and distribute care and resources equitably.
- Veracity
- The ethical principle of being truthful and honest with patients.
- Fidelity
- The ethical principle of keeping promises and being loyal to commitments made to patients.
- Paternalism
- Making decisions for a patient based on what the provider believes is best, overriding the patient's own wishes.
- Informed consent
- A patient's voluntary agreement to treatment after being given enough information to make a knowledgeable decision.
- What information must be disclosed for consent to be valid?
- The diagnosis, proposed treatment, risks, benefits, and alternatives, including the option of no treatment.
- Voluntariness (element of informed consent)
- The patient's decision must be given freely, without coercion or undue pressure.
- Capacity (element of informed consent)
- The patient must be mentally competent to understand information and make a decision.
- Comprehension (element of informed consent)
- The patient must actually understand the information disclosed about the proposed treatment.
- Implied consent
- Consent inferred from a patient's actions or the circumstances, such as opening the mouth for an exam, rather than stated explicitly.
- Informed refusal
- A patient's documented decision to decline recommended treatment after being informed of the risks of not proceeding.
- Standard of care
- The level of care and skill that a reasonably prudent practitioner with similar training would provide under similar circumstances.