Cultural variation in cognition, self-concept, and social behavior concepts from a college cross-cultural psychology course.
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- What do Hofstede's cultural dimensions measure?
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Systematic differences in values and beliefs across national cultures.- Define individualism as a cultural dimension.
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Emphasis on personal goals, autonomy, and individual achievement over group loyalty.- Define collectivism as a cultural dimension.
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Emphasis on group harmony, interdependence, and family or community loyalty over personal goals.- What is uncertainty avoidance in Hofstede's framework?
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The degree to which a culture is uncomfortable with ambiguity and seeks rules, structure, and predictability.- What is power distance in Hofstede's framework?
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The extent to which less powerful members of society accept and expect unequal power distribution.- What does long-term orientation emphasize?
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Future rewards, persistence, thrift, and respect for tradition and hierarchy.- What does short-term orientation emphasize?
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Immediate gratification, personal stability, quick results, and respect for past traditions.- What is the independent self-concept?
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The view of oneself as a unique, autonomous individual with distinct internal traits and preferences.- What is the interdependent self-concept?
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The view of oneself as fundamentally connected to others, with identity defined through relationships and group membership.- What is the fundamental attribution error?
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The tendency to overestimate personal factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining others' behavior.- How does the fundamental attribution error vary across cultures?
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It is stronger in individualistic Western cultures; collectivistic cultures show more situational attribution for others' behavior.- What is the self-serving bias?
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The tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and failures to situational factors.- What is holistic thinking?
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Cognitive style focusing on the whole context, relationships between elements, and the interconnectedness of the field.- What is analytic thinking?
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Cognitive style focusing on individual objects, their attributes, and logical rules, separate from context.- Which cognitive style is more common in East Asian cultures?
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Holistic thinking, emphasizing context and relationships.
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