Stress, coping, and behavior change concepts linking psychology to physical health outcomes.
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- What are the three stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
- Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
- How does acute stress differ from chronic stress?
- Acute is short-term and intense; chronic is prolonged and persistent
- What is a stressor?
- Any stimulus or event that triggers a stress response
- Which nervous system activates during fight-or-flight?
- Sympathetic nervous system
- What does HPA axis stand for?
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- What is cortisol's primary role during stress?
- Elevate blood glucose and suppress immune function to prepare the body for threat
- Define problem-focused coping
- Efforts to manage or change the stressful situation itself
- Define emotion-focused coping
- Efforts to manage emotional distress caused by a stressor
- What is avoidance coping?
- Withdrawing from or denying a stressor rather than confronting it
- Name the four main components of the Health Belief Model
- Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers
- List the five stages of change in order
- Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
- What is self-efficacy?
- Belief in one's ability to successfully perform a specific behavior
- How does social support affect health outcomes?
- Associated with better health, lower stress, and improved recovery from illness
- How is Type A personality associated with health risk?
- Increased risk of heart disease due to stress reactivity, competitiveness, and time urgency
- How does optimism influence health outcomes?
- Associated with better immune function and faster recovery from illness