Core concepts and thinkers from Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and other Eastern philosophical traditions.
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- Who founded Confucianism?
- Confucius (Kong Qiu)
- What is ren in Confucian philosophy?
- Humaneness, benevolence, or virtue
- What does li mean in Confucianism?
- Propriety, ritual, or correct social conduct
- What is a junzi in Confucian thought?
- A noble or exemplary person of moral character
- What is the central concept of Daoism?
- The Dao, the ultimate way or reality
- What does wu wei mean in Daoism?
- Non-action or effortless action
- Who wrote the Daodejing?
- Laozi (legendary founder of Daoism)
- Who was Zhuangzi?
- A Daoist philosopher known for paradoxes and skepticism
- What does ziran mean in Daoism?
- Spontaneity or naturalness
- What symbol represents yin-yang balance in Daoism?
- A circle with two complementary halves
- Who was the historical Buddha?
- Siddhartha Gautama
- State the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism.
- Suffering exists; suffering has a cause; suffering can end; there is a path to its end
- What is the Buddhist Eightfold Path?
- Right view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration
- What does nirvana mean in Buddhism?
- Extinguishing of craving and the cessation of suffering
- What is karma in Buddhist philosophy?
- The law of cause and effect, where actions produce consequences