Key AP World History terms, empires, and turning points across all tested periods.
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- What military technology did the Mongols use effectively to conquer vast territories in the 13th century?
- Horse archery and mobile cavalry tactics
- Which Chinese dynasty was the longest-lasting imperial dynasty in world history?
- Zhou Dynasty, lasting over 800 years (1046-256 BCE)
- What does the term Feudalism describe?
- A political and economic system where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty
- Name the philosophical system emphasizing filial piety, social harmony, and proper conduct in relationships.
- Confucianism
- Which empire spanned three continents (Europe, Asia, Africa) and lasted from 330 CE to 1453 CE?
- Byzantine Empire (also called Eastern Roman Empire)
- What major technological innovation did Gutenberg introduce around 1440?
- The movable-type printing press
- The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of what between the Americas and Europe after 1492?
- Crops, animals, diseases, and ideas
- Who initiated the Protestant Reformation in 1517, challenging Catholic Church authority?
- Martin Luther
- The Scientific Revolution marked a shift away from relying on what source of knowledge?
- Aristotle's authority and religious doctrine; toward empirical observation and mathematics
- What does the term Enlightenment refer to in 18th-century Europe?
- An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individual rights, and scientific knowledge over tradition
- Which English document of 1215 limited the power of the monarch and established the rule of law?
- Magna Carta
- What 1789 event marked the beginning of radical political and social change in France?
- The French Revolution
- Who conquered most of continental Europe and declared himself Emperor of France in 1804?
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- The Industrial Revolution began in which country in the late 18th century?
- Britain (United Kingdom)
- What political ideology emphasizes collective or state ownership of production and elimination of classes?
- Socialism (or Communism in its revolutionary form)