Key AP World History terms, empires, and turning points across all tested periods.
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- What military technology did the Mongols use effectively to conquer vast territories in the 13th century?
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Horse archery and mobile cavalry tactics- Which Chinese dynasty was the longest-lasting imperial dynasty in world history?
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Zhou Dynasty, lasting over 800 years (1046-256 BCE)- What does the term Feudalism describe?
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A political and economic system where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty- Name the philosophical system emphasizing filial piety, social harmony, and proper conduct in relationships.
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Confucianism- Which empire spanned three continents (Europe, Asia, Africa) and lasted from 330 CE to 1453 CE?
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Byzantine Empire (also called Eastern Roman Empire)- What major technological innovation did Gutenberg introduce around 1440?
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The movable-type printing press- The Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of what between the Americas and Europe after 1492?
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Crops, animals, diseases, and ideas- Who initiated the Protestant Reformation in 1517, challenging Catholic Church authority?
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Martin Luther- The Scientific Revolution marked a shift away from relying on what source of knowledge?
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Aristotle's authority and religious doctrine; toward empirical observation and mathematics- What does the term Enlightenment refer to in 18th-century Europe?
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An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individual rights, and scientific knowledge over tradition- Which English document of 1215 limited the power of the monarch and established the rule of law?
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Magna Carta- What 1789 event marked the beginning of radical political and social change in France?
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The French Revolution- Who conquered most of continental Europe and declared himself Emperor of France in 1804?
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Napoleon Bonaparte- The Industrial Revolution began in which country in the late 18th century?
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Britain (United Kingdom)- What political ideology emphasizes collective or state ownership of production and elimination of classes?
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Socialism (or Communism in its revolutionary form)
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