Vocabulary and best practices for the AP Seminar Team Multimedia Presentation and Individual Research-Based Essay components. Front: the term or skill. Back: a plain-language definition or tip.
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- What is a primary source?
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An original document, text, or artifact created during the time period being studied or by someone with direct experience of the event.- What is a secondary source?
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A work that analyzes, interprets, or discusses primary sources, written after the events it describes by someone without direct experience.- What is a claim?
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An assertion or statement that a writer makes to persuade an audience, which should be supported by evidence and reasoning.- What is evidence?
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Facts, statistics, quotes, examples, or research findings used to support and strengthen a claim.- What is reasoning?
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The logical explanation of how and why the evidence supports the claim, connecting the two together.- What is bias?
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A preference, prejudice, or inclination that prevents objective judgment; can be present in sources, authors, and research.- What is credibility?
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The quality of being trustworthy and believable; a source has credibility if it is reliable, well-researched, and comes from an authoritative author.- What is a qualifier?
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A word or phrase that limits or softens a claim, such as 'often,' 'may,' or 'some,' making the argument more precise and defensible.- What is a warrant?
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The underlying assumption or reasoning that connects evidence to a claim; it explains why the evidence should convince the audience.- What is a counterargument?
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An opposing viewpoint or alternative argument that acknowledges a different perspective before refuting it or conceding a point.- What is a multimedia presentation?
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A team-created presentation that combines text, images, audio, video, or other media to communicate information and persuade an audience.- What is a visual aid?
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An image, diagram, chart, graph, or video used in a presentation to clarify information and engage the audience more effectively than words alone.- What is rhetoric?
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The art of persuasion through language and communication techniques, including how speakers and writers choose words and structure arguments.- What is ethos?
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A rhetorical appeal that establishes the speaker or author's credibility, authority, and trustworthiness to persuade an audience.- What is pathos?
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A rhetorical appeal that connects emotionally with the audience through stories, imagery, or language that evokes feelings.
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