Research ethics vocabulary, including plagiarism, citation standards, and conflict of interest, used throughout AP Seminar and AP Research. Front: the term. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- Self-plagiarism
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Reusing significant parts of your own previously submitted work without disclosing that it was submitted before.- Citation standard
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A consistent, agreed-upon format, such as MLA or APA, used to credit sources throughout a paper.- Conflict of interest
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A situation where a researcher's personal, financial, or professional interests could bias their findings.- Informed consent
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A participant's agreement to take part in research after being told what it involves and any risks.- Institutional Review Board
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A committee that reviews research involving human participants to ensure it is conducted ethically.- Confidentiality
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Protecting a research participant's identity and personal information from being disclosed.- Data fabrication
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Inventing data or results that were never actually collected.- Data falsification
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Manipulating real research materials, data, or results so the findings misrepresent what actually occurred.- Intellectual property
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Legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as writing, images, or inventions, from unauthorized use.- Fair use
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A legal doctrine allowing limited use of copyrighted material without permission, often for commentary or education.- Copyright
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The legal right of a creator to control how their original work is copied and distributed.- Attribution
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Clearly identifying the original creator or source of an idea, image, or piece of data.- Authorship
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Being formally credited as a creator of a piece of research or writing, with its responsibilities and rights.- Replication
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Repeating a study using the same methods to check whether its results hold up.- Objectivity
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Reporting and interpreting findings without letting personal opinions distort the conclusions.
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