Research ethics vocabulary, including plagiarism, citation standards, and conflict of interest, used throughout AP Seminar and AP Research. Front: the term. Back: a plain-language definition.
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- Self-plagiarism
- Reusing significant parts of your own previously submitted work without disclosing that it was submitted before.
- Citation standard
- A consistent, agreed-upon format, such as MLA or APA, used to credit sources throughout a paper.
- Conflict of interest
- A situation where a researcher's personal, financial, or professional interests could bias their findings.
- Informed consent
- A participant's agreement to take part in research after being told what it involves and any risks.
- Institutional Review Board
- A committee that reviews research involving human participants to ensure it is conducted ethically.
- Confidentiality
- Protecting a research participant's identity and personal information from being disclosed.
- Data fabrication
- Inventing data or results that were never actually collected.
- Data falsification
- Manipulating real research materials, data, or results so the findings misrepresent what actually occurred.
- Intellectual property
- Legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as writing, images, or inventions, from unauthorized use.
- Fair use
- A legal doctrine allowing limited use of copyrighted material without permission, often for commentary or education.
- Copyright
- The legal right of a creator to control how their original work is copied and distributed.
- Attribution
- Clearly identifying the original creator or source of an idea, image, or piece of data.
- Authorship
- Being formally credited as a creator of a piece of research or writing, with its responsibilities and rights.
- Replication
- Repeating a study using the same methods to check whether its results hold up.
- Objectivity
- Reporting and interpreting findings without letting personal opinions distort the conclusions.
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