Thresholds, vision, hearing, chemical and body senses, perceptual organization, and depth cues.
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- What is subliminal perception?
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The perception of stimuli below the absolute threshold of conscious awareness.- Define the difference threshold.
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The minimum change in a stimulus that is detectable 50% of the time; also called the just noticeable difference (JND).- State Weber's Law.
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The just noticeable difference is proportional to the intensity of the original stimulus.- How do rods and cones differ in function?
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Rods detect black and white in low light; cones detect color and require brighter light.- What is accommodation in the eye?
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The lens changes shape to focus light on the retina for objects at different distances.- What is convergence?
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Both eyes turn inward to focus on nearby objects, a binocular cue for perceiving depth.- Define color constancy.
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The perception that an object's color remains constant despite changes in the lighting or viewing conditions.- What is an afterimage?
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A visual sensation that persists after the stimulus is removed, typically in the complementary color.- What is the function of the pupil and iris?
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The iris controls the size of the pupil to regulate how much light enters the eye.- What is hyperopia?
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Farsightedness, where the eyeball is too short or the cornea too flat, causing blurred near vision.- What is myopia?
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Nearsightedness, where the eyeball is too long or the cornea too curved, causing blurred distant vision.- What is presbyopia?
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Age-related loss of the lens's ability to accommodate, making close objects difficult to focus on.- What are the two main physical properties of sound waves?
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Frequency, measured in hertz (determines pitch), and amplitude, measured in decibels (determines loudness).- What is the decibel scale?
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A logarithmic scale measuring the intensity of sound, where 0 dB is approximately the human hearing threshold.- Describe how sound travels through the ear.
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Sound enters the outer ear, vibrates the eardrum, travels through the three ossicles, and enters the inner ear via the oval window.
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