Normal growth curve interpretation and developmental milestone timing tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
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- What growth pattern defines failure to thrive (FTT) on a growth chart?
- Weight below the 3rd to 5th percentile for age, or a downward crossing of two major percentile lines.
- What is the maximum expected physiologic weight loss in a healthy newborn during the first week of life?
- Up to 7 to 10 percent of birth weight.
- By what age should a healthy newborn regain its birth weight?
- By about 10 to 14 days of life.
- By what age does a healthy infant's birth weight typically double?
- 4 to 6 months.
- By what age does a healthy infant's birth weight typically triple?
- 12 months.
- By what age does a healthy infant's birth weight typically quadruple?
- 24 months.
- By roughly what percentage does an infant's birth length increase during the first year of life?
- About 50 percent.
- What is the average head circumference of a full-term newborn?
- About 35 cm (roughly 13.5 inches).
- By what age does the posterior fontanelle normally close?
- By about 2 months of age.
- By what age does the anterior fontanelle normally close?
- Between 9 and 18 months of age.
- Until what age should a preterm infant's growth be plotted using corrected (adjusted) age rather than chronological age?
- Until about 24 months of age.
- How is microcephaly defined in terms of head circumference?
- Head circumference more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex (roughly below the 3rd percentile).
- How is macrocephaly defined in terms of head circumference?
- Head circumference more than 2 standard deviations above the mean for age and sex (roughly above the 97th percentile).
- In constitutional growth delay, how does bone age compare to chronological age, and what is the eventual outcome?
- Bone age is delayed relative to chronological age, but the child eventually reaches a normal adult height.
- In familial (genetic) short stature, how does bone age compare to chronological age?
- Bone age matches chronological age, and final adult height tracks close to the parents' heights.