ADHD, autism spectrum disorder screening, and other pediatric behavioral and developmental disorder management tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
33 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- According to DSM-5, ADHD symptoms must be present before age ____.
- 12
- What is the minimum duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of ADHD?
- At least 6 months
- In how many different settings must ADHD symptoms be present for diagnosis?
- At least 2 settings (e.g., home and school)
- What are the three DSM-5 presentations of ADHD?
- Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined
- What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment class for ADHD in school-age children?
- Stimulants (methylphenidate or amphetamine derivatives)
- What is the first-line treatment for ADHD in children younger than 6 years?
- Behavioral therapy (parent training in behavior management)
- What common eating-related side effect occurs with stimulant medications used for ADHD?
- Decreased appetite/weight loss
- What common sleep-related side effect occurs with stimulant medications used for ADHD?
- Insomnia
- Name a non-stimulant medication used to treat ADHD.
- Atomoxetine
- What is the mechanism of action of atomoxetine?
- Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
- Which class of antihypertensive drugs can also treat ADHD, especially with comorbid tics?
- Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (clonidine, guanfacine)
- What screening tool is recommended for autism spectrum disorder at 18 and 24 months?
- M-CHAT-R (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised)
- What are the two core diagnostic domains of autism spectrum disorder?
- Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests
- Autism spectrum disorder is more common in which sex?
- Males
- At what ages does the AAP recommend general developmental screening?
- 9, 18, and 30 months