Primary care women's health topics including contraception counseling and preventive screening, as tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
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- At what age should average-risk women begin cervical cancer (Pap) screening?
- Age 21
- For women ages 21-29, how often is cervical cytology (Pap smear) alone recommended?
- Every 3 years
- For women ages 30-65, what is a preferred cervical cancer screening strategy?
- HPV and cytology co-testing every 5 years
- At what age can average-risk women with adequate prior negative screening stop cervical cancer screening?
- Age 65
- At what age does the USPSTF recommend average-risk women start mammography screening?
- Age 40
- How often does the USPSTF recommend mammography screening for average-risk women?
- Every 2 years (biennial)
- At what age should average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening?
- Age 45
- What is the primary mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptives?
- Suppression of the LH surge, preventing ovulation
- Estrogen-containing contraceptives are absolutely contraindicated in smokers of what age and cigarette use?
- Age 35 or older smoking 15 or more cigarettes per day
- Which headache type is an absolute contraindication to estrogen-containing contraceptives?
- Migraine with aura
- A personal history of what condition is an absolute contraindication to estrogen-containing contraceptives?
- Venous thromboembolism (VTE) or a hypercoagulable state
- Which component of combined hormonal contraceptives increases the risk of venous thromboembolism?
- The estrogen component
- What contraceptive category is considered the most effective reversible method and first-line counseling option?
- LARC (long-acting reversible contraception): IUDs and the subdermal implant
- How long is a copper IUD effective for pregnancy prevention?
- Up to 10 years
- What is the mechanism of action of the copper IUD?
- It induces a sterile inflammatory reaction that is toxic to sperm and ova