Bone and joint pathology, connective tissue disease, and classic skin lesion presentations tested on USMLE Step 1.
45 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is osteoporosis?
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A decrease in bone mass with normal mineralization, increasing fracture risk- What DEXA T-score defines osteoporosis?
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-2.5 or lower- What is the main cause of osteomalacia in adults?
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Vitamin D deficiency, leading to defective bone mineralization- What lab finding is classic for Paget disease of bone?
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Markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase with normal calcium and phosphate- Osteogenesis imperfecta is most often caused by a mutation affecting which protein?
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Type I collagen (COL1A1 or COL1A2)- What eye finding is classic in osteogenesis imperfecta?
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Blue sclerae- A mutation in FGFR3 causes which skeletal dysplasia?
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Achondroplasia- How does vitamin D deficiency present in children?
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Rickets, with bowing of the legs and delayed bone growth- Osteosarcoma most often arises in which location and age group?
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Metaphysis of long bones (such as the distal femur), most often in adolescents- Osteosarcoma classically produces a ____ with a sunburst pattern on x-ray.
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Codman triangle- Ewing sarcoma is associated with which translocation?
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t(11;22)- What periosteal reaction is classic for Ewing sarcoma on x-ray?
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Onion-skin (lamellated) periosteal reaction- Chondrosarcoma typically occurs in which age group and location?
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Older adults, in the pelvis or central skeleton- Where does a giant cell tumor of bone typically arise, and what does it look like on x-ray?
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The epiphysis of long bones, with a soap-bubble appearance- How do Heberden and Bouchard nodes differ in location?
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Heberden nodes affect the DIP joints, Bouchard nodes affect the PIP joints
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