Bone and joint pathology, connective tissue disease, and classic skin lesion presentations tested on USMLE Step 1.
45 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is osteoporosis?
- A decrease in bone mass with normal mineralization, increasing fracture risk
- What DEXA T-score defines osteoporosis?
- -2.5 or lower
- What is the main cause of osteomalacia in adults?
- Vitamin D deficiency, leading to defective bone mineralization
- What lab finding is classic for Paget disease of bone?
- Markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase with normal calcium and phosphate
- Osteogenesis imperfecta is most often caused by a mutation affecting which protein?
- Type I collagen (COL1A1 or COL1A2)
- What eye finding is classic in osteogenesis imperfecta?
- Blue sclerae
- A mutation in FGFR3 causes which skeletal dysplasia?
- Achondroplasia
- How does vitamin D deficiency present in children?
- Rickets, with bowing of the legs and delayed bone growth
- Osteosarcoma most often arises in which location and age group?
- Metaphysis of long bones (such as the distal femur), most often in adolescents
- Osteosarcoma classically produces a ____ with a sunburst pattern on x-ray.
- Codman triangle
- Ewing sarcoma is associated with which translocation?
- t(11;22)
- What periosteal reaction is classic for Ewing sarcoma on x-ray?
- Onion-skin (lamellated) periosteal reaction
- Chondrosarcoma typically occurs in which age group and location?
- Older adults, in the pelvis or central skeleton
- Where does a giant cell tumor of bone typically arise, and what does it look like on x-ray?
- The epiphysis of long bones, with a soap-bubble appearance
- How do Heberden and Bouchard nodes differ in location?
- Heberden nodes affect the DIP joints, Bouchard nodes affect the PIP joints