Restrictive lung disease patterns and interstitial lung disease subtypes with their distinguishing imaging and biopsy findings.
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- What happens to total lung capacity (TLC) in restrictive lung disease?
- It is decreased.
- In restrictive lung disease, is the FEV1/FVC ratio decreased, normal, or increased?
- Normal or increased
- What are the two main categories of restrictive lung disease?
- Intrinsic (interstitial) and extrinsic (extrapulmonary)
- In intrinsic (interstitial) restrictive lung disease, is DLCO typically decreased or normal?
- Decreased
- In extrinsic restrictive lung disease (chest wall or neuromuscular cause), is DLCO typically decreased or normal?
- Normal
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis shows the histologic pattern known as ____.
- usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)
- What is the classic biopsy hallmark of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)?
- Temporal heterogeneity with patchy fibroblastic foci
- What HRCT finding is characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
- Honeycombing
- What is the typical distribution of fibrosis on imaging in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
- Subpleural and basal predominant
- Name the two antifibrotic drugs used to slow progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
- Pirfenidone and nintedanib
- What is the typical HRCT appearance of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)?
- Homogeneous ground-glass opacities
- Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is most commonly associated with which category of disease?
- Connective tissue disease (e.g., systemic sclerosis)
- Compared to UIP, does NSIP have a better or worse prognosis?
- Better prognosis
- What type of granuloma is seen on biopsy in sarcoidosis?
- Noncaseating granuloma
- What is the classic chest x-ray finding in sarcoidosis?
- Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy