Standard patient positioning terminology and projection names for common radiographic procedures.
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- What does AP projection stand for?
- Anteroposterior - beam enters through the anterior surface and exits through the posterior surface
- Define PA projection in radiography
- Posteroanterior - beam enters through the posterior surface and exits through the anterior surface
- What is a lateral projection?
- Projection where the beam passes through the body from one side to the other, showing the medial and lateral aspects
- Define oblique projection
- Projection where the body or body part is rotated so the beam does not pass perpendicular or parallel to the body
- What is anatomical position?
- Erect body stance with arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet together, and head facing forward
- Define supine position
- Patient lying on their back with face upward
- What is prone position?
- Patient lying face down with the anterior surface against the table
- Define Trendelenburg position
- Patient supine with the head lower than the feet, typically at a 45 degree angle
- What is Fowler's position?
- Patient semi-recumbent with the head of the table elevated at approximately 45 degrees
- Define Sims position
- Patient on their left side with the left arm behind the back, right arm flexed forward, right knee flexed, and left knee slightly flexed
- What position is used for a standard chest X-ray?
- PA (posteroanterior) projection with patient standing erect, hands on hips with palms out
- Name the common position for a lateral chest X-ray
- Lateral projection with patient standing erect, arm elevated, and side closest to film against the chest board
- What is the standard position for a portable chest X-ray?
- AP (anteroposterior) projection with patient supine or semi-upright in bed
- Define cephalocaudal angulation
- Angling the X-ray beam toward the head (cephalad) or toward the feet (caudad)
- What is mediolateral angulation?
- Angling the X-ray beam from the medial side toward the lateral side or vice versa