Importing modules, organizing packages, and using pip to manage third party libraries, each explained with a short example.
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- What is a module in Python?
- A file containing Python code that can be imported and reused. File name becomes the module name.
- How do you import a module named math?
- import math
- How do you call a function from the math module?
- math.function_name(). Example: math.sqrt(16)
- How do you import a specific function from a module?
- from module_name import function_name. Example: from math import sqrt
- How do you import with an alias?
- import module_name as alias. Example: import numpy as np
- What does 'from x import *' do?
- Imports all public names from module x into the current namespace.
- How do you see all attributes in a module?
- Use dir(module_name). Example: dir(math)
- What is a package in Python?
- A directory containing Python modules and an __init__.py file. Allows nested organization of modules.
- What is the purpose of __init__.py?
- Makes Python treat a directory as a package. Can be empty or contain package initialization code.
- How do you import a module from a subpackage?
- from package.subpackage import module. Example: from os.path import join
- What is the __name__ variable?
- Set to '__main__' when script runs directly, otherwise set to module name when imported.
- What does 'if __name__ == "__main__":' do?
- Lets you write code that only runs when script executes directly, not when imported as a module.
- What is a relative import in a package?
- Import using dot notation for sibling or parent modules. Example: from . import sibling or from .. import parent_module
- What is pip?
- Package installer for Python. Command-line tool for installing and managing third-party packages.
- How do you install a package with pip?
- pip install package_name. Example: pip install requests