Commonly used standard library modules including os, sys, datetime, and json, each explained with a short example.
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- What does os.getcwd() do?
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Returns the current working directory as a string.- What does os.listdir(path) return?
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A list of filenames and directory names in the given path.- What does os.path.join('dir', 'file.txt') do?
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Concatenates path components using the OS-specific separator.- What does os.makedirs('a/b/c') do?
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Creates nested directories, including parent directories if needed.- What is sys.argv in Python?
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A list containing command-line arguments passed to the script.- What does sys.exit(1) do?
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Terminates the program and returns the exit code 1 to the system.- What does sys.version return?
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A string describing the Python version and build information.- What does datetime.datetime.now() return?
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A datetime object representing the current date and time.- What is datetime.timedelta used for?
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Represents a duration, the difference between two dates or times.- What does strftime('%Y-%m-%d') do?
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Formats a datetime object as a string using the given format code.- What does json.dumps(dict) do?
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Converts a Python dictionary to a JSON-formatted string.- What does json.loads(string) do?
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Parses a JSON string and returns a Python dictionary or list.- What does json.dump(data, file) do?
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Writes a Python object as JSON directly to a file.- What does collections.Counter() do?
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Counts hashable objects and stores the counts in a dictionary-like object.- What does collections.defaultdict(int) do?
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Creates a dictionary that returns a default value (int, 0) for missing keys instead of raising KeyError.
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