Therapeutic exercise types, progression principles, and precautions carried out under a physical therapist's plan of care tested on the NPTAE.
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- What is passive range of motion (PROM)?
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Joint movement produced entirely by an external force, without any muscle contraction from the patient.- What is active range of motion (AROM)?
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Joint movement produced entirely by the patient's own muscle contraction.- What is active-assistive range of motion (AAROM)?
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Joint movement in which the patient's own muscle contraction is assisted by an outside force to complete the range.- What clinical purpose does continuous passive motion (CPM) serve after surgery?
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It moves the joint through a controlled range to help prevent adhesions and maintain joint range of motion.- What is an isometric contraction?
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A muscle contraction that generates force without any change in muscle length or joint movement.- What is an isotonic contraction?
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A muscle contraction that generates force while moving through a range of motion against a constant external load.- What is a concentric contraction?
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A muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens while producing force.- What is an eccentric contraction?
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A muscle contraction in which the muscle lengthens while producing force.- What is isokinetic exercise?
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Exercise performed at a constant angular velocity, with resistance that varies to match the force the patient applies, typically using a specialized dynamometer.- What does the overload principle of exercise state?
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A muscle or system must be worked at an intensity greater than what it is normally accustomed to in order to produce a training adaptation.- What does the SAID principle (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand) state?
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The body adapts specifically to the type of stress or demand placed on it during training.- What is the principle of reversibility in exercise training?
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Training adaptations are gradually lost once a person stops performing the exercise, also called detraining.- How does the DeLorme technique of progressive resistance exercise progress across three sets of ten reps?
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50% of the 10 repetition maximum (10RM), then 75% of the 10RM, then 100% of the 10RM.- How does the Oxford technique of progressive resistance exercise differ from the DeLorme technique?
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It reverses the order, starting at 100% of the 10RM and decreasing to 75% then 50% across the three sets.- What numeric range does the classic Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale use?
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6 to 20.
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