Literary history and genres, grammar, linguistics for teachers, and composition theory for Praxis ELA.
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- What are three main characteristics of Romanticism as a literary movement?
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Emphasis on emotion and imagination, celebration of nature and the individual, and reaction against Enlightenment rationality.
- How does Modernism differ from Realism in its approach to literature?
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Modernism abandons linear narrative and realistic representation, using fragmentation, stream of consciousness, and experimental form to explore subjective experience.
- What is the Gothic genre characterized by?
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Dark atmosphere, elements of horror or suspense, mysterious or supernatural events, psychological terror, and often a decaying or foreboding setting.
- What is a tragedy in dramatic terms?
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A play or narrative in which the protagonist suffers a downfall or death as a result of their own flaws, fate, or circumstance, evoking pity and fear.
- How does comedy function as a dramatic genre?
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Comedy uses humor, wit, and irony to entertain and often ends with resolution, reconciliation, or a happy outcome for the main characters.
- What defines an epic poem?
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A long, narrative poem telling of heroic deeds and great events, often involving a legendary or historical hero and written in elevated language.
- What is lyric poetry?
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Poetry that expresses personal emotion, feeling, or reflection of the speaker, often using musical language and imagery rather than telling a story.
- Name the five main parts of a narrative's structure.
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Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution or denouement.
- What is an allegory?
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A narrative or story in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract ideas or moral concepts, with both literal and symbolic meaning.
- What role does symbolism play in literature?
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Symbolism uses objects, colors, actions, or characters to represent deeper or abstract meanings beyond their literal meaning.
- When does a subject-verb agreement error occur?
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When a verb does not match the number (singular or plural) of its subject, or when the person (first, second, third) does not match.
- What are the three pronoun cases in English?
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Nominative (subject: I, he, she, we, they), objective (object: me, him, her, us, them), and possessive (my, mine, his, her, hers, our, ours, their, theirs).
- What is a comma splice?
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A sentence error that occurs when two independent clauses are joined by only a comma, without a coordinating conjunction or proper punctuation.
- What is a dangling modifier?
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A phrase or clause that modifies a word that is not clearly stated in the sentence, causing confusion about what is being modified.
- What is parallel structure in writing?
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The use of the same grammatical form or pattern for elements that have the same function in a sentence, creating clarity and balance.