Core internal medicine presentations and management as tested on the PANCE, written as original scenario cards.
49 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Which drug class is first-line for symptomatic relief in chronic stable angina?
- Beta blockers
- In acute pericarditis, the ECG classically shows diffuse ST elevation with ____.
- PR segment depression
- What is Kussmaul sign?
- A paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure during inspiration
- Which lab test is most useful to help distinguish dyspnea due to heart failure from a pulmonary cause?
- B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Which medication class reduces mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
- ACE inhibitors
- Aortic stenosis produces what type of murmur?
- Crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur radiating to the carotids
- Mitral regurgitation produces what type of murmur?
- Holosystolic murmur radiating to the axilla
- What is the purpose of the CHA2DS2-VASc score?
- To estimate stroke risk in atrial fibrillation and guide anticoagulation decisions
- Which two drug classes are used for acute rate control in atrial fibrillation?
- Beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
- On ECG, severe hyperkalemia classically produces ____.
- peaked T waves
- What is the first-line treatment to stabilize the cardiac membrane in severe hyperkalemia?
- IV calcium gluconate
- What spirometry finding confirms a diagnosis of COPD?
- Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.70
- Which intervention most improves long-term survival in COPD patients who smoke?
- Smoking cessation
- A chest x-ray shows a visible pleural line with no lung markings beyond it. What is the diagnosis?
- Pneumothorax
- What clinical tool estimates the pretest probability of pulmonary embolism?
- Wells criteria